Ship navigation resistance refers to the force acting on the hull of a ship to prevent its movement during navigation. Including air resistance and water resistance. In general civilian ships, air resistance is only 2% to 4% of the total resistance. Water resistance includes two parts, one is the additional resistance experienced by rudders, shafts, and keel structures protruding outside the hull; The second is the resistance experienced by the hull itself, namely naked resistance. Additional resistance generally accounts for only 3% to 10% of the total resistance
